បណ្ណសារ សំរាប់ ខែ មេសា, 2007

Longest alphabet in the world?

បានដាក់ប្រកាស ក្នុង alphabet ខែ មេសា 28, 2007 ដោយ samnangnah

As it happens, it is Khmer. So says the Guinness Book of World Records, though just how many letters it has is unclear – 74 to 101 symbols, depending on how you count them.
This page gives the incredible magic number of 122 (33 consonants and 46 vowels=79 + 33 subscripts…wait, doesn’t 79+33=112?)
This page gives less – 71 (33 consonants, 23 vowels and 15 “ special vowels” )

I did try counting the ones available in Khmer Unicode and came up with the following tally:

35 consonants (two of which are obsolete)
17 independent vowels
19 dependent vowels (which adds up to 23 if you include composite vowels)
9 other symbols (one obsolete)

for a grand total of 84 characters (or 81, if one subtracts obsolete letters, or 77 if one subtracts composite vowels). Though with an alphabet this long miscounts can never be ruled out…

Transcription, Transliteration, Latinization

បានដាក់ប្រកាស ក្នុង Uncategorized ខែ មេសា 28, 2007 ដោយ samnangnah

One of the problems with a script as far removed from Latin as Khmer is how to transcribe/transliterate it into something intelligible (and whether it’s even worth the trouble of transcribing it when the native spelling is so unphonetic).
The most popular of these seems to be the IPA-based one used by Huffman. It is, more or less, the same one used on seasite. It also by far is the most accurate in representing the sound of the language.
Colloquial Cambodian uses its own transcription based on English spelling, and is very innacurate, writing very different sounds the same way. “ Cambodian for Beginners” also has its own system, which while a step above that used in Colloquial Cambodian (it is also IPA-based) also doesn’t go far enough in distinguishing between different sounds.
There are other transliteration/transcription for Khmer, like Akea Khmer or the French-based Latinization scheme imposed on Khmer during the French rule of Indochina (and which AFAIK is still used by immigrants living in France) but none seem to have caught on. Just as with other languages, most native speakers do not follow any system and transcribe according to their whims when writing webpages or chatting, which can be a big problem for someone unfamiliar with the language (and can cause difficulties even for natives).
Keeping this in mind I have chosen to use the Huffman transcription, with a few minor changes to make it more web-friendly:

ɛ (open e: Unicode-025B SAMPA-E) = ê
ɔ (open o: Unicode-0254 SAMPA-O) = ô
ɨ (barred i: Unicode-0268 SAMPA-1) = ı
ɑ (script a: Unicode-0251 SAMPA-A) = â

All said, no matter how accurate, a transcription system can only serve as a crutch – it can never fully represent the sounds of a language. And no matter how difficult it may be, the alphabet will at some point have to be learned if one ever hopes to become literate and learn the language beyond the tourist-phrasebook level.

គួរឲ្យ​ខ្ពើម !!!

បានដាក់ប្រកាស ក្នុង words ខែ មេសា 25, 2007 ដោយ samnangnah

គួរ​ kuə according to the dictionary means

1
p to be acceptable, suitable, good enough.

When paired with ឲ្យ​ aoy “ give, let, allow”

it means something like “ worthy of” . this can then be added to other words to get the appropriate adjective:

គួរឲ្យ​ស្រឡាញ់​ (kuə aoy srâlañ) lit. “ worthy of loving” – cute

គួរឲ្យ​ចាប់ចិត្ត​ (kuə aoy cap cət) “ worthy of love/admiration/attraction” ​ – lovable/attractive

គួរឲ្យ​ខ្ពើម​ (kuə aoy kpəəm) “ worthy of disgust” – disgust-ing.

with the particle នឹង​ (nıŋ) it means

គួរនឹង​ (kuə nıŋ) = should/ought to:

ខ្ញុំ​គួរនឹង​ដឹង​ប៉ុន្តែ​ខ្ញុំ​ភ្លេច​ហើយ​ (khñom kuə nıŋ dəŋ pontae khñom plıc haey) “ i should know but i forgot
ខ្ញុំ​គួរនឹង​ទៅ​ប៉ុន្តែ​ខ្ញុំ​មិន​ចង់​ឃើញ​វា​ (khñom kuə nıŋ tıw pontae khñom mın câŋ khəəñ viə) “ i should go but i don’t want to see him.

First post. សួ​ស្ដី​ឆ្នាំ​ថ្មី !

បានដាក់ប្រកាស ក្នុង Uncategorized ខែ មេសា 19, 2007 ដោយ samnangnah

Just another small contribution to the language-learning blogosphere, ខ្មែរ​ស្រួល​រៀន is focused on a language that does not get a lot of attention – Khmer. This is not the first blog about Khmer (see manur.org’s រៀន​ខ្មែរ and Typing to Learn Khmer), but as the others are not very active at the moment I’ve taken it upon myself to start this blog to document my own progress in the language, and provide some useful material for others who wish to learn but don’t know where to start.
(In fact, I’ve been procrastinating about posting here for a while, but decided that with the coming of the Cambodian New Year, it was as good a time as any to start something new)

To start off this blog, a short review of online and offline resources:

Khmer Unicode:
Everything you’ll need to read and write Khmer on your computer can be found here: KhmerOS
Khmer Unicode is still rather new and is not supported by Windows or any other operating system AFAIK (edit: Khmer is apparenly supported by Windows Vista), so you’ll need to do a little fiddling with your computer to make things display correctly.

Websites:
Cambodia SEAsite The most complete site on the net – special font required to view the Khmer and IPA phonetics, but otherwise a very useful site with lessons covering the writing system, conversation, elementary reading passages, all with sound files.
Authentic Khmer More of an online phrasebook, with sound files
learn khmer language Another phrasebook
khmerlanguage.com Yet another phrasebook (but no audio and non-unicode font)
À la recherche d’une grammaire khmère Very disorganized but potentially useful site about Khmer grammar, from an expat living in Montreal (in French/English)
I Learn Khmer flash site teaching khmer (“ coming soon” for the past two years or so…)
ខ្មែរ​ក្រៃលែង​ (Extreme Khmer) Videos about Khmer and Cambodia from a Khmer teacher. The author’s textbooks are also for sale on-site.

Books:
-Cambodian for Beginners by R.K. Gilbert, S. Hang
-Colloquial Cambodian by David Smyth
These two are probably the only widely-available beginner-level books. Each have their good points and drawbacks – Colloquial Cambodian is more tailored to the tourist, with much of the dialogue dealing with typical tourist situations, while Cambodian for beginners has a more general focus (long word lists of body parts, time expressions, etc.) Both have been criticized as being too formal and not colloquial enough (though, as it happens, Colloquial is the more colloquial of the two) but both are good enough as a not-so-serious introduction, and both come with audio CDs.

-Judith Jacob’s Introduction to Cambodian, while a bit dated, is also a good beginner’s text.

For those who want a more serious, in-depth introduction to Cambodian, the books by Franklin E. Huffman and Im Proum are the way to go:
-Modern Spoken Cambodian (the yellow book)
-Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader (green)
-Intermediate Cambodian Reader (red)
-Cambodian Literary Reader and Glossary (blue)
All of the above have been public domain since the late 70s, but apart from the green book and the audio for the yellow book they are not available online and are rather expensive and hard to find.
FSI’s Cambodian Basic Course can be downloaded in its entirety here.
Also check out the grammatical sketch at the bottom of the page.

Dictionaries:
English>Khmer
Khmer<>English (with phonetics, also includes the classic monolingual 1966 Chuon Nath dictionary)
Offline dictionaries will be discussed in a future post.